Change: module structure to single file structure as professor requested for some reason...

exercises/web_scrapping/ej1/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+import re
+from tkinter import Tk
+from tkinter import messagebox
+import urllib.request
+from pathlib import Path
+import tkinter as tk
+from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
+from tkinter.scrolledtext import ScrolledText
+import sqlite3
+
+# --- CONSTANTS ------------------------------------------
+URL = "https://www.vinissimus.com/es/vinos/tinto/?cursor="
+DATA_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "data"
+CSV_PATH =  DATA_DIR / "books.csv"
+DB_PATH = DATA_DIR / "books.bd"
+
+# --- HELPER CLASSES -------------------------------------
+class DBAttr:
+    def __init__(self, name, type_, modifier=""):
+        self.name = name
+        self.type_ = type_
+        self.modifier = modifier
+
+    def sql(self):
+        parts = [self.name, self.type_]
+        if self.modifier:
+            parts.append(self.modifier)
+        return " ".join(parts)
+
+class DBManager:
+    _instance = None
+    
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        if cls._instance is None:
+            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
+        return cls._instance
+    
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = Path(path)
+        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.path)
+        self.conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+
+    def create_table(self, table_name, attributes: list[DBAttr]):
+        columns_sql = ",\n    ".join(attr.sql() for attr in attributes)
+
+        query = f"""
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table_name} (
+            {columns_sql}
+        );
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error creating table:", e)
+
+    def get_all(self, table_name):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_name};")
+            return [dict(row) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+        
+    def get_singleton(self, singleton_table):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {singleton_table}")
+            return [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+
+    def get_by(self, table_name, column, value):
+        try:
+            query = f"SELECT * FROM {table_name} WHERE {column} = ?;"
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(query, (value,))
+            return [dict(row) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+
+    def insert(self, table_name, data: dict):
+        keys = ", ".join(data.keys())
+        placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in data)
+        values = tuple(data.values())
+
+        query = f"""
+        INSERT INTO {table_name} ({keys})
+        VALUES ({placeholders});
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, values)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error inserting:", e)
+
+    def update(self, table_name, data: dict, where_column, where_value):
+        set_clause = ", ".join(f"{key} = ?" for key in data.keys())
+        values = list(data.values())
+        values.append(where_value)
+
+        query = f"""
+        UPDATE {table_name}
+        SET {set_clause}
+        WHERE {where_column} = ?;
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, tuple(values))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error updating:", e)
+
+    def delete(self, table_name, where_column, where_value):
+        query = f"DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE {where_column} = ?;"
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, (where_value,))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error deleting:", e)
+            
+    def clear(self, table_name):
+        query = f"DELETE FROM {table_name};"
+        
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error clearing table: ", e)
+
+    def exists(self, table_name, where_column, where_value):
+        query = f"SELECT 1 FROM {table_name} WHERE {where_column} = ? LIMIT 1;"
+
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(query, (where_value,))
+            return cursor.fetchone() is not None
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error checking existence:", e)
+            return False
+
+    def count(self, table_name):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT COUNT(*) as total FROM {table_name};")
+            return cursor.fetchone()["total"]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error counting:", e)
+            return 0
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.conn.close()
+
+class WinesUI():
+    def __init__(self, root, title = "AII"):
+        self.root = root
+        self.root.title(title)
+        self.root.geometry("900x600")
+                
+        # Menu Principal
+        self.menu = tk.Menu(self.root)
+        self.root.config(menu=self.menu)
+
+        # Menu Datos
+        datos_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Cargar", command=lambda: self.callback("cargar"))
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Listar", command=lambda: self.callback("listar"))
+        datos_menu.add_separator()
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Salir", command=self.root.quit)
+        self.menu.add_cascade(label="Datos", menu=datos_menu)
+
+        # Menu Buscar
+        buscar_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Denominación", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_denominacion"))
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Precio", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_precio"))
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Uva", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_uva"))
+        self.menu.add_cascade(label="Buscar", menu=buscar_menu)
+
+        # Callback externo desde el punto de entrada
+        self.callback = None
+        
+    def show_list(self, items, fields, title="Listado"):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(title)
+        listbox = tk.Listbox(mw, width=80, height=20)
+        listbox.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
+        scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(mw)
+        scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
+        listbox.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
+        scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)
+        
+        for item in items:
+            row = " | ".join(str(item[field]) for field in fields)
+            listbox.insert("end", row)
+            
+    def ask_text(self, label, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        entry = ttk.Entry(mw)
+        entry.pack(pady=5)
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(entry.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)   
+    
+    def ask_spinbox(self, label, options, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        spinbox = ttk.Spinbox(mw, values=options, state="readonly", width=40)
+        spinbox.pack(pady=5)
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(spinbox.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)
+        
+    def ask_radiobutton(self, label, options, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        sv = tk.StringVar(value=options[0])
+        for option in options:
+            tk.Radiobutton(mw, text=option, variable=sv, value=option).pack(anchor="w")
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(sv.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)
+        
+    def info(slef, message):
+        messagebox.showinfo("Información", message)
+
+# --- MAIN PROGRAM FUNCTIONS -----------------------------
+dbm = DBManager(DB_PATH)
+
+def init_ssl():
+    import os, ssl
+    if (not os.environ.get('PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY', '') and
+    getattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context', None)):
+        ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
+
+def create_tables():
+    wines_attr = [
+        DBAttr("name", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("price", "INTEGER", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("origin", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("cellar", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("type", "TEXT", "NOT NULL")
+    ]
+    
+    types_attr = [
+        DBAttr("type", "TEXT")
+    ]
+    
+    dbm.create_table("wines", wines_attr)
+    dbm.create_table("types", types_attr)
+    
+def extract_wines():
+    l = []
+    
+    for i in range(0,3):
+        f = urllib.request.urlopen(URL+str(i*36))
+        doc = BeautifulSoup(f, "lxml")
+        page = doc.find_all("div", class_="product-list-item")
+        l.extend(page)
+   
+    return l
+
+def persist_wines(wines):
+    types = set()
+    
+    for wine in wines:
+        details = wine.find("div",class_=["details"])
+        name = details.a.h2.string.strip()
+        price = list(wine.find("p",class_=["price"]).stripped_strings)[0]
+        origin  = details.find("div",class_=["region"]).string.strip()
+        cellar = details.find("div", class_=["cellar-name"]).string.strip() 
+        grapes = "".join(details.find("div",class_=["tags"]).stripped_strings)
+        for g in grapes.split("/"):
+            types.add(g.strip())
+        disc = wine.find("p",class_=["price"]).find_next_sibling("p",class_="dto")
+        if disc:
+            price = list(disc.stripped_strings)[0]
+            
+        dbm.insert("wines", {"name": name, "price": float(price.replace(',', '.')), "origin": origin, "cellar": cellar, "type": grapes})
+    
+    for type in types:
+        dbm.insert("types", {"type": type})
+        
+    return dbm.count("wines"), dbm.count("types")
+
+def main():        
+    create_tables()
+    root = Tk()
+    ui = WinesUI(root)
+    
+    def handle_action(action):
+        match(action):
+            case "cargar":
+                resp = messagebox.askyesno(title="Cargar", message="Quieres cargar todos los datos de nuevo?")
+                if resp:
+                    dbm.clear("wines")
+                    dbm.clear("types")
+                    wines = extract_wines()
+                    wines_count, types_count = persist_wines(wines)
+                    ui.info(f"Hay {wines_count} vinos y {types_count} uvas.")
+            case "listar":
+                wines = dbm.get_all("wines")
+                ui.show_list(wines, ["name", "price", "origin", "cellar", "type"])
+            case "buscar_denominacion":
+                origins = list({wine["origin"] for wine in dbm.get_all("wines")})
+                origins.sort()
+                def search_origin(origin):
+                    wines = [wine for wine in dbm.get_all("wines") if wine["origin"] == origin]
+                    ui.show_list(wines, ["name", "price", "origin", "cellar", "type"])
+                ui.ask_spinbox("Buscar por denominación: ", origins, search_origin)
+            case "buscar_precio":
+                def search_price(price):
+                    wines = [wine for wine in dbm.get_all("wines") if float(wine["price"]) <= float(price)]
+                    wines.sort(key=lambda w: float(w["price"]))
+                    ui.show_list(wines, ["name", "price", "origin", "cellar", "type"])
+                ui.ask_text("Selecciona precio: ", search_price)
+            case "buscar_uva":
+                types = [t for t in dbm.get_singleton("types")]
+                types.sort()
+                def search_type(type):
+                    wines = [wine for wine in dbm.get_all("wines") if type in wine["type"]]
+                    ui.show_list(wines, ["name", "price", "origin", "cellar", "type"])
+                ui.ask_spinbox("Selecciona tip de uva: ", types, search_type)
+    
+    ui.callback = handle_action
+    root.mainloop()
+    dbm.close()
+        
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

exercises/web_scrapping/ej2/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+import re
+import urllib.request
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+import sqlite3
+import tkinter as tk
+from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
+from tkinter.scrolledtext import ScrolledText
+from tkinter import Tk
+
+# --- CONSTANTS ------------------------------------------
+BASE_URL = "https://www.elseptimoarte.net"
+ESTRENOS_URL = BASE_URL + "/estrenos/2025/"
+DATA_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "data"
+DB_PATH = DATA_DIR / "movies.bd"
+
+# --- HELPER CLASSES -------------------------------------
+class DBAttr:
+    def __init__(self, name, type_, modifier=""):
+        self.name = name
+        self.type_ = type_
+        self.modifier = modifier
+
+    def sql(self):
+        parts = [self.name, self.type_]
+        if self.modifier:
+            parts.append(self.modifier)
+        return " ".join(parts)
+
+class DBManager:
+    _instance = None
+    
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        if cls._instance is None:
+            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
+        return cls._instance
+    
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = Path(path)
+        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.path)
+        self.conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+
+    def create_table(self, table_name, attributes: list[DBAttr]):
+        columns_sql = ",\n    ".join(attr.sql() for attr in attributes)
+
+        query = f"""
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table_name} (
+            {columns_sql}
+        );
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error creating table:", e)
+
+    def get_all(self, table_name):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_name};")
+            return [dict(row) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+        
+    def get_singleton(self, singleton_table):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {singleton_table}")
+            return [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+
+    def get_by(self, table_name, column, value):
+        try:
+            query = f"SELECT * FROM {table_name} WHERE {column} = ?;"
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(query, (value,))
+            return [dict(row) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+
+    def insert(self, table_name, data: dict):
+        keys = ", ".join(data.keys())
+        placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in data)
+        values = tuple(data.values())
+
+        query = f"""
+        INSERT INTO {table_name} ({keys})
+        VALUES ({placeholders});
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, values)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error inserting:", e)
+
+    def update(self, table_name, data: dict, where_column, where_value):
+        set_clause = ", ".join(f"{key} = ?" for key in data.keys())
+        values = list(data.values())
+        values.append(where_value)
+
+        query = f"""
+        UPDATE {table_name}
+        SET {set_clause}
+        WHERE {where_column} = ?;
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, tuple(values))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error updating:", e)
+
+    def delete(self, table_name, where_column, where_value):
+        query = f"DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE {where_column} = ?;"
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, (where_value,))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error deleting:", e)
+            
+    def clear(self, table_name):
+        query = f"DELETE FROM {table_name};"
+        
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error clearing table: ", e)
+
+    def exists(self, table_name, where_column, where_value):
+        query = f"SELECT 1 FROM {table_name} WHERE {where_column} = ? LIMIT 1;"
+
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(query, (where_value,))
+            return cursor.fetchone() is not None
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error checking existence:", e)
+            return False
+
+    def count(self, table_name):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT COUNT(*) as total FROM {table_name};")
+            return cursor.fetchone()["total"]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error counting:", e)
+            return 0
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.conn.close()
+        
+class WinesUI():
+    def __init__(self, root, title = "AII"):
+        self.root = root
+        self.root.title(title)
+        self.root.geometry("900x600")
+                
+        # Menu Principal
+        self.menu = tk.Menu(self.root)
+        self.root.config(menu=self.menu)
+
+        # Menu Datos
+        datos_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Cargar", command=lambda: self.callback("cargar"))
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Listar", command=lambda: self.callback("listar"))
+        datos_menu.add_separator()
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Salir", command=self.root.quit)
+        self.menu.add_cascade(label="Datos", menu=datos_menu)
+
+        # Menu Buscar
+        buscar_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Título", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_titulo"))
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Fecha", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_fecha"))
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Género", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_genero"))
+        self.menu.add_cascade(label="Buscar", menu=buscar_menu)
+
+        # Callback externo desde el punto de entrada
+        self.callback = None
+        
+    def show_list(self, items, fields, title="Listado"):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(title)
+        listbox = tk.Listbox(mw, width=80, height=20)
+        listbox.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
+        scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(mw)
+        scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
+        listbox.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
+        scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)
+        
+        for item in items:
+            row = " | ".join(str(item[field]) for field in fields)
+            listbox.insert("end", row)
+            
+    def ask_text(self, label, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        entry = ttk.Entry(mw)
+        entry.pack(pady=5)
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(entry.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)   
+    
+    def ask_spinbox(self, label, options, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        spinbox = ttk.Spinbox(mw, values=options, state="readonly", width=40)
+        spinbox.pack(pady=5)
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(spinbox.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)
+        
+    def ask_radiobutton(self, label, options, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        sv = tk.StringVar(value=options[0])
+        for option in options:
+            tk.Radiobutton(mw, text=option, variable=sv, value=option).pack(anchor="w")
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(sv.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)
+        
+    def info(slef, message):
+        messagebox.showinfo("Información", message)
+
+# --- MAIN PROGRAM FUNCTIONS ----------------------------- 
+dbm = DBManager(DB_PATH)
+
+def init_ssl():
+    import os, ssl
+    if (not os.environ.get('PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY', '') and
+    getattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context', None)):
+        ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
+
+def create_tables():
+    movies_attr = [
+        DBAttr("title", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("original_title", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("country", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("date", "DATE", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("director", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("genres", "TEXT", "NOT NULL")
+    ]
+    
+    genres_attr = [
+        DBAttr("genre", "TEXT")
+    ]
+
+    dbm.create_table("movies", movies_attr)
+    dbm.create_table("genres", genres_attr)
+    
+def persist_movies():
+    f = urllib.request.urlopen(ESTRENOS_URL)
+    bs = BeautifulSoup(f, "lxml")
+    list_items = bs.find("ul", class_="elements").find_all("li")
+    for li in list_items: 
+        f = urllib.request.urlopen(BASE_URL+li.a['href'])
+        bs = BeautifulSoup(f, "lxml")
+        data = bs.find("main", class_="informativo").find("section",class_="highlight").div.dl
+        original_title = data.find("dt", string=lambda s: s and "Título original" in s).find_next_sibling("dd").get_text(strip=True)
+        country = "".join(data.find("dt", string=lambda s: s and "País" in s).find_next_sibling("dd").stripped_strings)
+        title = data.find("dt", string=lambda s: s and "Título" in s).find_next_sibling("dd").get_text(strip=True)
+        date = datetime.strptime(data.find("dt",string="Estreno en España").find_next_sibling("dd").string.strip(), '%d/%m/%Y')
+        
+        genres_director = bs.find("div",id="datos_pelicula")
+        genres_str = genres_director.find("p", class_="categorias").get_text(strip=True)
+        genres_list = [g.strip() for g in genres_str.split(",") if g.strip()]
+        for g in genres_list:
+            existing = dbm.exists("genres", "genre", g)
+            if not existing:
+                dbm.insert("genres", {"genre": g})
+        director = "".join(genres_director.find("p",class_="director").stripped_strings)
+        
+        dbm.insert("movies", {
+            "title": title,
+            "original_title": original_title,
+            "country": country,
+            "date": date,
+            "director": director,
+            "genres": genres_str
+        })
+        
+    return dbm.count("movies"), dbm.count("genres")
+
+def main():        
+    create_tables()
+    root = Tk()
+    ui = WinesUI(root)
+    
+    def handle_action(action):
+        match(action):
+            case "cargar":
+                resp = messagebox.askyesno(title="Cargar", message="Quieres cargar todos los datos de nuevo?")
+                if resp:
+                    dbm.clear("movies")
+                    dbm.clear("genres")
+                    movies_count, genres_count = persist_movies()
+                    ui.info(f"Hay {movies_count} películas y {genres_count} géneros")
+            case "listar":
+                movies = dbm.get_all("movies")
+                ui.show_list(movies, ["title", "original_title", "country", "date", "director", "genres"])
+            case "buscar_titulo":
+                def search_title(title):
+                    movies = [movie for movie in dbm.get_all("movies") if title.lower() in movie["title"].lower()]
+                    ui.show_list(movies, ["title", "country", "director"])
+                ui.ask_text("Buscar por titulo: ", search_title)
+            case "buscar_fecha":
+                def search_date(date):
+                    d = datetime.strptime(date, "%d-%m-%Y")
+                    movies = [movie for movie in dbm.get_all("movies") 
+                            if d < datetime.strptime(movie["date"], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")]
+                    ui.show_list(movies, ["title", "date"])
+                ui.ask_text("Buscar por fecha: ", search_date)
+            case "buscar_genero":
+                genres = [g for g in dbm.get_singleton("genres")]
+                genres.sort()
+                def search_genre(genre):
+                    movies = [movie for movie in dbm.get_all("movies") if genre in movie["genres"]]
+                    ui.show_list(movies, ["title", "date"])
+                ui.ask_spinbox("Selecciona género: ", genres, search_genre)
+    
+    ui.callback = handle_action
+    root.mainloop()
+    dbm.close()
+            
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

exercises/web_scrapping/ej4/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+import re
+import urllib.request
+from datetime import datetime
+import locale
+from pathlib import Path
+from tkinter import Tk
+import tkinter as tk
+from tkinter import ttk, messagebox
+from tkinter.scrolledtext import ScrolledText
+import sqlite3
+
+# --- CONSTANTS ------------------------------------------
+BASE_URL = "https://recetas.elperiodico.com"
+RECIPES_URL = BASE_URL + "/Recetas-de-Aperitivos-tapas-listado_receta-1_1.html"
+DATA_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "data"
+DB_PATH = DATA_DIR / "recipes.bd"
+
+# --- HELPER CLASSES -------------------------------------
+class DBAttr:
+    def __init__(self, name, type_, modifier=""):
+        self.name = name
+        self.type_ = type_
+        self.modifier = modifier
+
+    def sql(self):
+        parts = [self.name, self.type_]
+        if self.modifier:
+            parts.append(self.modifier)
+        return " ".join(parts)
+
+class DBManager:
+    _instance = None
+    
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        if cls._instance is None:
+            cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
+        return cls._instance
+    
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = Path(path)
+        self.conn = sqlite3.connect(self.path)
+        self.conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+
+    def create_table(self, table_name, attributes: list[DBAttr]):
+        columns_sql = ",\n    ".join(attr.sql() for attr in attributes)
+
+        query = f"""
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {table_name} (
+            {columns_sql}
+        );
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error creating table:", e)
+
+    def get_all(self, table_name):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {table_name};")
+            return [dict(row) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+        
+    def get_singleton(self, singleton_table):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT * FROM {singleton_table}")
+            return [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+
+    def get_by(self, table_name, column, value):
+        try:
+            query = f"SELECT * FROM {table_name} WHERE {column} = ?;"
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(query, (value,))
+            return [dict(row) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error selecting:", e)
+            return []
+
+    def insert(self, table_name, data: dict):
+        keys = ", ".join(data.keys())
+        placeholders = ", ".join("?" for _ in data)
+        values = tuple(data.values())
+
+        query = f"""
+        INSERT INTO {table_name} ({keys})
+        VALUES ({placeholders});
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, values)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error inserting:", e)
+
+    def update(self, table_name, data: dict, where_column, where_value):
+        set_clause = ", ".join(f"{key} = ?" for key in data.keys())
+        values = list(data.values())
+        values.append(where_value)
+
+        query = f"""
+        UPDATE {table_name}
+        SET {set_clause}
+        WHERE {where_column} = ?;
+        """
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, tuple(values))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error updating:", e)
+
+    def delete(self, table_name, where_column, where_value):
+        query = f"DELETE FROM {table_name} WHERE {where_column} = ?;"
+
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query, (where_value,))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error deleting:", e)
+            
+    def clear(self, table_name):
+        query = f"DELETE FROM {table_name};"
+        
+        try:
+            with self.conn:
+                self.conn.execute(query)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error clearing table: ", e)
+
+    def exists(self, table_name, where_column, where_value):
+        query = f"SELECT 1 FROM {table_name} WHERE {where_column} = ? LIMIT 1;"
+
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(query, (where_value,))
+            return cursor.fetchone() is not None
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error checking existence:", e)
+            return False
+
+    def count(self, table_name):
+        try:
+            cursor = self.conn.execute(f"SELECT COUNT(*) as total FROM {table_name};")
+            return cursor.fetchone()["total"]
+        except Exception as e:
+            print("Error counting:", e)
+            return 0
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.conn.close()
+        
+class RecipesUI():
+    def __init__(self, root, title = "AII"):
+        self.root = root
+        self.root.title(title)
+        self.root.geometry("900x600")
+                
+        # Menu Principal
+        self.menu = tk.Menu(self.root)
+        self.root.config(menu=self.menu)
+
+        # Menu Datos
+        datos_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Cargar", command=lambda: self.callback("cargar"))
+        datos_menu.add_separator()
+        datos_menu.add_command(label="Salir", command=self.root.quit)
+        self.menu.add_cascade(label="Datos", menu=datos_menu)
+
+        # Menu Listar
+        listar_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
+        listar_menu.add_command(label= "Recetas", command = lambda:  self.callback("listar_recetas"))
+        self.menu.add_cascade(label="Listar", menu=listar_menu)
+
+        # Menu Buscar
+        buscar_menu = tk.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Receta por autor", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_autor"))
+        buscar_menu.add_command(label="Receta por fecha", command=lambda: self.callback("buscar_fecha"))
+        self.menu.add_cascade(label="Buscar", menu=buscar_menu)
+
+        # Callback externo desde el punto de entrada
+        self.callback = None
+        
+    def show_list(self, items, fields, title="Listado"):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(title)
+        listbox = tk.Listbox(mw, width=80, height=20)
+        listbox.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
+        scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(mw)
+        scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
+        listbox.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
+        scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)
+        
+        for item in items:
+            row = " | ".join(str(item[field]) for field in fields)
+            listbox.insert("end", row)
+            
+    def ask_text(self, label, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        entry = ttk.Entry(mw)
+        entry.pack(pady=5)
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(entry.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)   
+    
+    def ask_spinbox(self, label, options, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        spinbox = ttk.Spinbox(mw, values=options, state="readonly", width=40)
+        spinbox.pack(pady=5)
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(spinbox.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)
+        
+    def ask_radiobutton(self, label, options, callback):
+        mw = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
+        mw.title(label)
+        tk.Label(mw, text=label).pack(pady=5)
+        sv = tk.StringVar(value=options[0])
+        for option in options:
+            tk.Radiobutton(mw, text=option, variable=sv, value=option).pack(anchor="w")
+        ttk.Button(mw, text="Aceptar", command=
+                    lambda: [callback(sv.get()), mw.destroy()]).pack(pady=10)
+        
+    def info(slef, message):
+        messagebox.showinfo("Información", message)
+
+# --- MAIN PROGRAM FUNCTIONS -----------------------------
+dbm = DBManager(DB_PATH)
+
+def init_ssl():
+    import os, ssl
+    if (not os.environ.get('PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY', '') and
+    getattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context', None)):
+        ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
+
+def create_tables():
+    recipes_attr = [
+        DBAttr("title", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("difficulty", "TEXT", "DEFAULT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("units", "INTEGER", "DEFAULT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("duration", "INTEGER", "DEFAULT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("author", "TEXT", "NOT NULL"),
+        DBAttr("updated_at", "DATE", "NOT NULL")
+    ]
+
+    dbm.create_table("recipes", recipes_attr)
+    
+def parse_duration(duration):
+    if not duration:
+        return None
+
+    duration = duration.strip().lower()
+
+    hours = 0
+    minutes = 0
+
+    h_match = re.search(r"(\d+)h", duration)
+    m_match = re.search(r"(\d+)m", duration)
+
+    if h_match:
+        hours = int(h_match.group(1))
+
+    if m_match:
+        minutes = int(m_match.group(1))
+
+    return hours * 60 + minutes
+
+def parse_duration_inverse(minutes):
+    if minutes is None:
+        return None
+    m = minutes % 60
+    h = (minutes - m) // 60
+    return f"{h}h {m}m" if h != 0 else f"{m}m"
+
+def persist_recipes():
+    f = urllib.request.urlopen(RECIPES_URL)
+    bs = BeautifulSoup(f, "lxml")
+    results = bs.find_all("div", attrs={"data-js-selector": "resultado"})
+    for div in results:
+        title_a = div.a
+        title = title_a.string.strip()
+        info_div = div.find("div", class_="info_snippet")
+        difficulty = info_div.find("span").get_text(strip=True) if info_div and info_div.find("span") else None
+        properties = div.find("div", class_="properties")
+        duration = properties.find("span", class_="duracion").string.strip() if properties and properties.find("span", class_="duracion") else None
+        units = properties.find("span", class_="unidades").string.strip() if properties and properties.find("span", class_="unidades") else None
+        details_link = title_a["href"]
+        f2 = urllib.request.urlopen(details_link)
+        bs2 = BeautifulSoup(f2, "lxml")
+        details = bs2.find("div", class_="autor").find("div", class_="nombre_autor")
+        author = details.find("a").string
+        date_str = details.find("span").string.replace("Actualizado: ", "")
+        updated_at = datetime.strptime(date_str, "%d %B %Y")
+                
+        dbm.insert("recipes", {
+            "title": title,
+            "difficulty": difficulty,
+            "units": units,
+            "duration": parse_duration(duration),
+            "author": author,
+            "updated_at": updated_at
+        })
+        
+    return dbm.count("recipes")
+        
+def main():
+    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, "es_ES.UTF-8")        
+    create_tables()
+    root = Tk()
+    ui = RecipesUI(root)
+
+    def handle_action(action):
+        match(action):
+            case "cargar":
+                resp = messagebox.askyesno(title="Cargar", message="Quieres cargar todos los datos de nuevo?")
+                if resp:
+                    dbm.clear("recipes")
+                    recipes_count = persist_recipes()
+                    ui.info(f"Hay {recipes_count} recetas")
+            case "listar_recetas":
+                recipes = dbm.get_all("recipes")
+                for r in recipes:
+                    r["units"] = str(r["units"]) + " personas" if r["units"] is not None else "Unknown personas"
+                    r["duration"] = parse_duration_inverse(r["duration"])
+                ui.show_list(recipes, ["title", "difficulty", "units", "duration"])
+            case "buscar_autor":
+                def search_author(author):
+                    recipes = [recipe for recipe in dbm.get_all("recipes") if author.lower() in recipe["author"].lower()]
+                    for r in recipes:
+                        r["units"] = str(r["units"]) + " personas" if r["units"] is not None else "Unknown personas"
+                        r["duration"] = parse_duration_inverse(r["duration"])
+                    ui.show_list(recipes, ["title", "difficulty", "units", "duration", "author"])
+                ui.ask_text("Buscar por autor: ", search_author)
+            case "buscar_fecha":
+                def search_date(date):
+                    d = datetime.strptime(date, "%d/%m/%Y")
+                    recipes = [recipe for recipe in dbm.get_all("recipes") 
+                            if d > datetime.strptime(recipe["updated_at"], "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")]
+                    for r in recipes:
+                        r["units"] = str(r["units"]) + " personas" if r["units"] is not None else "Unknown personas"
+                        r["duration"] = parse_duration_inverse(r["duration"])
+                    ui.show_list(recipes, ["title", "difficulty", "units", "duration", "updated_at"])
+                ui.ask_text("Buscar por fecha: ", search_date)
+           
+    ui.callback = handle_action
+    root.mainloop()
+    dbm.close()
+            
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()